Notes

What makes an electronic signature hold up, what a signed PDF actually contains, and what the subscription you are replacing was charging you for.

11 September 2026 · 3 min readIs an electronic signature legally binding?Short answer: almost always, and it has been for twenty years. The longer answer is about evidence, not about the signature itself.11 September 2026 · 3 min readWhat DocuSign actually costs, and why we stopped paying itWe worked out what it costs to send one document for signature. It is a fraction of a cent. Here is what we were paying instead.11 September 2026 · 3 min readWhat is actually in a sealed PDFA walk through the finished file: the stamped fields, the certificate page, the detached PKCS#7 signature, and how to verify it yourself with openssl.